Merneptah as the Pharaoh of Moses.

 

So I wanted to do a biblical chronology based on the Merneptah's Stele and Merneptah himself as the Pharaoh of the exodus and here it is. The evidence for Merneptah being the Pharaoh of the exodus are numerous.

First is his stele itself, He claims that he destroyed "Israel's seed" which sounds so similar to the bible (Exodus 1:15-22)  stories of the pharaoh killing young Israelite male children because he was scared and wanted to prevent the prophecy. And also on the stele only Israel is mentioned as a group of people and not a nation like the others.

Second thing is that Dr Maurice Bucaille who examined the bodies of Pharaoh Rameses II and Merneptah claimed to have found traces of salt on the skin and within the mummified tissues. He argued that these were not from the natron used in mummification, but were residue from seawater.

He also claims that he performed X-rays and noted multiple fractures and "internal trauma," which he interpreted as the result of a sudden, high-pressure impact—like being hit by a massive wall of water (the returning Red Sea).

Third is the Bible (Exodus 1:11) states that the Israelites built the store-cities of Pithom and Raamses. If the Israelites were building a city named after Ramesses so the Exodus must have happened either during the end of Ramesses II's long 66-year reign or during the reign of his immediate successor—Merneptah.

So 1203 BC the day where Merneptah died is the year of the exodus and the Israelites leaving Egypt. An explanation for why no records of such incident is recorded is because the Ancient Egyptians were a proud people who will never record something like that or admit defeat like in the battle of Kadesh where both sides claimed victory. With that out of the way then we could also get the year the Israelites are done with their 40 year wander and started conquering Canaan which was in 1163 BC, That period was also the period of the Bronze Age Collapse in which major civilizations were destroyed like the Hittite empire and those who survived were weakened greatly.

The bible itself give hints of that collapse (Exodus 33:2) which says "I will send an angel before you and drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites." That also explains why there is very little archaeological evidence as most of the region was abandoned.

Merneptah's Mummy

Merneptah's Stele

Merneptah's Bust

Timeline


1203 BC - Merneptah's Death and the year of the Exodus.

1200 - 1150 BC - Sea People and The Bronze Age Collapse which had major civilizations disappear.

1163 BC - The Israelites stopped wandering and started conquering Canaan.

Sources:-

The Old Testament.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele.

The Bible, The Qur'an and Science: The Holy Scriptures Examined in the Light of Modern Knowledge - Dr Maurice Bucaille.

The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997.